It is estimated that 60-95% of all amputees experience phantom limb syndrome. This occurs when an amputee feels that their limb is still attached and presents as phantom limb pain or phantom limb sensation. Phantom limb syndrome is a complex pain syndrome with no true known cause. Most amputees report having phantom limb pains after amputation however, there is still some confusion about what the difference is between phantom limb pain and phantom limb sensation.
Phantom limb sensation is a painless phenomenon in which an amputee feels as though their amputated limb is still attached and is experiencing a change in shape, length, movement, and posture. Amputees often feel that they need to reposition their amputated limb or that it is moving on its own. This sensation causes no physical pain but can often be a source of anxiety and confusion for amputees.
Phantom limb pain can present as burning, aching, itching, stinging, throbbing, pressure, and cramping. It has been suggested that phantom limb pain is the leading cause of stress and disability in amputees. Chronic phantom limb pain can prevent the completion of activities of daily living due to a decrease in mobility.
Phantom limb syndrome can be treated in a variety of ways including; pain medication, cognitive therapy, and mirror therapy. These are many treatment protocols for phantom limb syndrome and amputees should discuss with their doctor the best way to treat their phantom limb syndrome. If amputees have questions about phantom limb syndrome they should contact their doctor or prosthetist.